In northern parts of the district are alluvial plains and in south is semi-desert with remnants of Aravali range hill. The soil is loam in the north and sandy in the southwest region. The groundwater is mainly saline with some of small pockets of fresh water in southwest. The groundwater level of the district is decreasing fast. Lack of drainage system is the main cause of salinity of ground water. Temperature in Bhiwani varies from 1 Deg. C to 48 deg. C. Rainfall is scanty mainly in months of July and August. Vegetation mainly thorny trees like Babul, Jandi, Kair, along with Neem, Sheesham, Peepal, etc. Crops like Bajra, Cotton in kharif and Wheat, Sarson in rabi. Minerals like building stone & Gypsum or flexible stones (Kaliyana village).

Bhiwani city finds mention in Ain-e-Akbari. It is claimed Bhiwani was founded by the Rajput name Neem after his wife named Bhani. The Bhani word later changed to Bhiyani and subsequently to Bhiwani. Bhiwani has been a prominent center of commerce since time of Mughals. Bhiwani is also known for its temples and is called as small Kashi of India because of numerous temples. Another important city of the district is Dadri which was founded by the son of Prithvi Raj Chauhan. It is also a hub of commercial activity. For administrative purposes Bhiwani district is divided into six tehsils - Bhiwani, Bawani Khera, Dadri, Loharu, Tosham and Siwani.